THE VALUES OF CARDIAC TROPONIN IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Nadir Ajruli, Nexhbedin Abazi, Ekrem Ismani, Ilmi Jashari

Abstract

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is the factor with the highest rate of morbidity and mortality. ACS compromises Myocardial Infarction (MI), and Unstable Angina or sharp, sudden chest pain which typically appears when the person is resting.Approximately 1.4 million people suffer from ACS in Europe, each year. Symptoms of ACS include: chest pain or discomfort (the pain may radiate to the shoulder, arms, neck, lower jaw, or back; the chest pain may be described as substernal, un-clear, pressuring, burning, and sometimes sharp pain. The pain which lasts approximately 30 minutes is in accordance of diagnosing Acute Myocardial Infarction (IAM)). Except the known etiologic factors for Cardio-Vascular Diseases (CVD) such as: (genetical predisposition, age, gender, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, adiposity, sedentary life style, physical inactivity, psychological stress, oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, hyperfibrinogenaemia), as a new risk factor is included Troponin also, during the last years, which in patients with ACS appears in very higher-than-normal concentrations, and servers as a new biomarker in patients suffering from CVD. Atherosclerosis is the most often causative factor which contributes to ACS, in more than 90 % of the cases of IAM. Purpose of this research: to determine the level of cardiac troponins (cTn) during the acute phase of the myocardium injury, which is utilized as a new biomarker for myocardium injury – ACS. The high levels of troponin have a very important role for detection and early diagnosis of CVDs. Materials and methods: patients’ venous blood was used as a working material and as a control group. The environments’ conditions in which blood was drawn were: room temperature of 19 – 24 °C, at 8 o’clock in the morning, and the patients were in a lying position. The cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) was determined in 60 patients (35 male patients, and 25 female patients), with a mean age of 51.0 ±12 years. The troponins’ values were determined within 20-30 minutes after appearance of symptoms and hospitalization. We divided the patients based on the primary disease: ACS (AMI) = 25 patients, post-AMI state = 15 patients, stable angina = 10 patients, unstable angina = 10 patients. Out of the total patients’ number (60 patients, mixed gender), 40 patients were smokers, and 28 patients were diabetic (18 were insulin-supplement depended, whereas 10 patients were under oral therapy). In this study we had the control group consisting of 50 (30 male and 20 female) healthy individuals who also were voluntary blood donors, with a mean age of 50.6 ±10.8 years old, Table 1. Statistical analysis: the software package SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, ver. 17) was used. The normal distribution of the obtained results was tested by utilising the method of Skewness and Kurtosis. The obtained results from the parameters tested in this research will be described with the basic statistical methods (average value, standard deviation, etc.). Conclusion: in all of the examined ACS (AMI, stable and unstable angina) patients, high concentration of cardiac troponin (cTn-I) was found and the obtained results correspond to the published and evidenced results in a large number of studies for the role of the new cardiac biomarker (cTn-I) and its effect in the appearance of CVDs.

Pages: 103 - 109