GENE THERAPY FOR CANCER TREATMENT: CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES AND PRINCIPLES
Sihana A. LIKA, Hanife R. AHMETI, Edita A. IDRIZI, Merita DAUTI, Lulzime BALLAZHI, Veton ADEMI, Gjylai ALIJA, Drita U. HAVZIU, Arbnore Q. NAZIFI
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated illness in which certain cells in the body proliferate uncontrollably, encroaching on neighboring tissues. It is a significant global public health concern. Despite extensive preclinical research on achieving tumor-selective effects, various challenges hinder its effective clinical application, such as nonspecific effects, poor delivery efficiency, and biosecurity concerns. Various novel genetic methods are being developed to modify vectors or transgenes to enhance their safety and efficacy. With the newest delivery technologies, gene activity can now be precisely targeted to specific tissues and organs. With these developments, gene therapy is set to be poised for standard cancer treatment, potentially elevating this approach to a primary therapy for malignant diseases. Numerous clinical trials carried out in the USA, Europe, Canada, and China with sanctioned protocols, have demonstrated positive outcomes. Nevertheless, as our understanding of cancer mechanisms improves, innovative approaches like gene therapy will be favored over conventional treatment methods for identifying suitable treatments and targets. Gene therapy aimed at treating cancer has advanced significantly over the years, ; numerous medications have been approved, while others remain under investigation. Gene therapy offers enhanced safety and more manageable side effects than chemotherapy for treating cancer.
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