CHOLECYSTITIS: SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT
Kastriot HAXHIREXHA, Rian AMITI, Vildane SHAINI, Jusuf SHERBETI, Jakup JAKUPI
Abstract
Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder which is most commonly brought about by gall stones either partially or fully obstructing the cystic duct which may lead to acute or chronic inflammation.
The presentation of patients is usually fever, nausea, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain , and they may also have a positive Murphy's sign during physical examination.
Test results routinely exhibit an increase in white blood cells, which may suggest some liver function tests are abnormal, particularly in cases of biliary obstruction. Abdominal ultrasound is the first line imaging technique and may demonstrate gallstones, thickening of the gallbladder wall, and fluid around the gallbladder. If the ultrasound does not provide adequate results, a functional imaging with HIDA scan may be conducted.
Supportive treatment which consist of IV fluids, antibiotics, and analgesics is the initial component in management.
Definitive treatment is laparoscopic cholecystectomy which must be done between twenty-four to seventy-two hours after the diagnosis. For patients who cannot undergo surgery, cholecystostomy is a temporary measure.
The gallbladder can develop complications such as gangrene and perforation, which makes early diagnosis and treatment critical.
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