GREEN SYNTHESIS OF METAL NANOPARTICLES USING PLANT EXTRACTS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY
Sanja LAZAROVA, Jehona ÇANGA
Abstract
This paper explores the synthesis, characteristics, and pharmaceutical applications of metal nanoparticles, with particular focus on eco-friendly “green synthesis” methods utilizing plant-derived extracts. Nanotechnology, a concept first proposed by Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman, has rapidly evolved as a multidisciplinary field with significant implications in pharmacy, medicine, and environmental sciences. Nanomaterials, with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers, exhibit unique physicochemical, optical, and electrical properties that enhance drug bioavailability, targeting, and therapeutic efficiency.
Various types of nanoparticles are discussed, including noble metal-based (Au, Ag, Pt), bimetallic, oxide, sulfide, and carbon-based forms. Green synthesis is emphasized as a sustainable and non-toxic approach, involving the reduction of metal ions by plant secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and terpenes. This method not only reduces energy consumption and hazardous waste, but also results in stable nanoparticles with potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, aligning with pharmaceutical safety and efficacy standards.
Moreover, the study reviews the integration of green-synthesized metal nanoparticles into voltammetric biosensors, demonstrating improved electrochemical sensitivity and selectivity for bioanalytical applications. These findings underline the potential of green nanotechnology in pharmaceutical analysis, drug delivery systems, and diagnostics.
In conclusion, green synthesis of nanoparticles presents a promising strategy for the development of advanced pharmaceutical technologies, offering a safer, more sustainable alternative for nanoparticle production with broad clinical and industrial relevance.
Pages: 288 - 291