THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MAIN KINEMATIC INDICATORS OF BACKWARD SOMERSAULT AND FRONT SOMERSAULT OF AN ELITE ATHLETE

Besim Gashi, Fadil Rexhepi

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to compare the main kinematic indicators between two technical elements of acrobatics: back somersault and front somersault performed by an elite gymnast. After shooting with three digital cameras (60Hz/s) and calibrating the position where the movement with the frame is performed (200cmx200cmx200cm), the shot material is processed according to the process of modules of the Kinetic Analysis System APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System). The model created for the gymnast's body consists of 18 points. The results show that the anteroposterior-forward displacement of the center of gravity of the body of the gymnast (CG) during the flight phase of the forward somersault is 164 cm, which compared to the front somersault (141cm), is larger by 23 cm. But, the displacement of the CG to the somersault forward in the vertical-upward direction up to the highest point is 45 cm, which compared to the somersault backwards (66 cm), is lower by 21 cm. Salto forward from the start of the push up to the fall is performed for a time of about 0.86 s, which means that compared to the duration of the realization of the somersault backwards (0.96 s), is done for a shorter time of 0.1 s. During the push phase of the back somersault the value of the maximum velocity of the CG in the vertical-upward direction is 3.18 m/s which in contrast to the forward somersault this value is significantly smaller (2.65m / s). The maximum velocity of the hands in the vertical-upward direction of the back somersault is 8.72 m / s, while in the front somersaults the velocity of the hands is almost the same as that of the backward somersaults, but in the anteroposterior-forward direction and the value of it is 8.2 m/s. This difference in the analyzed kinematic indicators probably depends on the velocity of the momentum, the take of phase of the direction, the rush of the hands and its direction, the structure of the movement, etc.

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