PREVALENCE OF CHOLELITHIASIS IN THE REGION OF ELBASAN, RISK FACTORS AND THE ROLE OF NURSING CARE

Ilda TAKA, Elona HASALLA, Albana SULA (KRECI), Elona ZHIVA

Abstract

Introduction: Cholelithiasis, a common digestive system pathology, has been on the rise globally, particularly in developed countries, due to factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cholelithiasis in the Elbasan region, analyze associated risk factors, and evaluate the role of nursing care in patients with this condition. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gallstone disease in the Elbasan region, examine various risk factors, and assess the significance of nursing care in managing patients with cholelithiasis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at "Xhaferr Kongoli" Regional Hospital in Elbasan from January 2020 to December 2022, including all patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis. The analysis focused on demographic data, including age, gender, place of residence, body weight, and comorbidities, to explore their influence on gallstone development. Results: Among the 172 patients with cholelithiasis, 65 (38%) were male and 107 (62%) were female. The age range varied from 21 to 81 years, with the highest number of cases occurring in 2022 (45%). The study population comprised 93 urban residents and 79 rural residents. Females aged 26-50 represented the most affected group, accounting for 46.5% of cases, while males aged 51-70 constituted 22% of cases. Notably, comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension emerged as significant risk factors. Conclusions: The study findings indicate that middle-aged women, higher body weight, urban residence, and comorbidities pose a risk for gallstone formation. The post-pandemic period exhibited the highest number of cases, likely influenced by a sedentary lifestyle. Nurses play a crucial role in prioritizing diagnoses and providing appropriate interventions for patients with cholelithiasis. To ensure optimal care and patient education, it is essential to update nursing knowledge and enhance skills related to cholelithiasis management.

Pages: 214 - 218